In our role of caring for people with dementia, we’re familiar with behaviors that you may find perplexing, such as attempts to eat non-food items like paper, dirt, or small household objects. This phenomenon, known as pica, can be both concerning and confusing. Fortunately, pica is a relatively common issue for individuals with dementia, and there are ways to manage it.
Pica is a condition in which someone is driven to eat items that are not food. These items may include dirt, soap, fabric, or even coins. While pica is often associated with childhood or nutritional deficiencies, it can also be seen in older adults with dementia. Understanding why it happens and how to address it can help you manage the behavior and ensure your loved one remains safe.
What Causes Pica in Dementia?
As dementia affects the brain, it can lead to a wide range of unusual behaviors, including pica. The primary causes of pica in individuals with dementia can include:
Cognitive Decline: The brain’s ability to recognize food from non-food items may decline with dementia, causing confusion about what is safe to consume.
Sensory Cravings: Some people with dementia may seek out specific textures to chew on or feel the need for increased oral stimulation.
Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of essential nutrients, such as iron or zinc, can lead to a craving for inedible objects.
Hunger or Dehydration: If a senior is not consuming enough food or water, they may resort to trying to eat whatever is available.
Medication Side Effects: Certain medications can alter taste or appetite, which may lead to unusual cravings.
Emotional Stress: Feelings of anxiety or frustration may lead to pica as an outlet for emotional distress.
How to Manage Pica in Dementia Care
If someone you love is engaging in pica-like behaviors, it can be a source of stress. However, there are several strategies you can use to manage these behaviors effectively:
Stay Calm and Be Understanding. When you discover pica, avoid reacting with anger or frustration. Instead, gently remove the object and redirect their focus to something else.
Make Sure They’re Eating Enough. Hunger or insufficient nutrition can trigger pica, so it’s essential to ensure the person is eating nutritious meals and snacks regularly. Foods with a variety of textures, like fruits or chewy snacks, may help satisfy sensory needs.
Remove Hazardous Items. If certain objects are commonly targeted for consumption, make sure they’re kept out of reach. Store items such as paper, coins, or small household objects in safe places.
Provide Chewable Alternatives. Offer safe alternatives for oral stimulation, such as sugar-free gum or a soft snack. This can help fulfill their sensory craving without the danger of ingesting harmful substances.
Check for Nutritional Deficiencies. If pica is a new behavior, it could indicate a nutritional deficiency. Consult with a healthcare provider to determine if blood tests are needed to check for deficiencies in vitamins or minerals.
Keep Them Occupied. Boredom or anxiety can exacerbate pica. Involving the person in engaging activities such as folding clothes, doing simple crafts, or listening to music can keep their mind occupied and reduce the urge to eat non-food items.
Let Us Support You When Caring for People With Dementia
At Superior Senior Home Care, we understand the challenges that come with caring for someone with dementia. If pica or other behaviors are becoming a concern, we are here to help. Our dementia care team serves Nipomo, Santa Ynez, Santa Maria, and the surrounding areas. Call us at 805-737-4357 to learn more about how we can assist your family.